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- $Unique_ID{BRK04046}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type I}
- $Subject{Neuropathy Hereditary Sensory Type I Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy
- Type I HSN-I Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type I HSAN-I Sensory
- Neuropathy Hereditary Type I Sensory Radicular Neuropathy Radicular Neuropathy
- Sensory Hereditary Sensory Radicular Neuropathy Mutilating Acropathy
- Acrodystrophic Neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Hereditary Sensory
- Neuropathy Type II Peripheral Neuropathy Syringomyelia Roussy-Levy Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 799:
- Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type I
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Neuropathy, Hereditary
- Sensory, Type I) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I; HSN-I
- Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type I; HSAN-I
- Sensory Neuropathy, Hereditary, Type I
- Sensory Radicular Neuropathy
- Radicular Neuropathy, Sensory
- Hereditary Sensory Radicular Neuropathy
- Mutilating Acropathy
- Acrodystrophic Neuropathy
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Syringomyelia
- Roussy-Levy Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I is a rare genetic disorder. Major
- symptoms include a loss of sensation usually affecting the feet and legs more
- severely than the hands and forearms, and perforating ulcers (open sores) on
- the feet. The loss of sensation is caused by abnormal functioning of the
- autonomic nervous system, which controls responses to pain and temperature as
- well as other involuntary or automatic body processes.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Major symptoms of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I include loss of
- sensation usually affecting the feet and legs more severely than the hands
- and forearms. Pain and temperature sensations are affected more than touch-
- pressure sensation. Some patients experience piercing or stabbing sensations
- (lancinating pains). As the disorder progresses the feet may develop
- perforating ulcers (open sores), especially if patients take poor care of
- their feet. Reflexes in the legs are decreased or absent. Deafness
- occasionally occurs.
-
- Causes
-
- Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I is inherited as an autosomal dominant
- genetic disorder. Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are
- the product of the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and
- one from the mother.
-
- In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal
- gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting
- the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent for each
- pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- Symptoms of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I are caused by
- degeneration of nerve fibers. Diagnosis can be made by biopsy.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I is a rare disorder present at birth
- affecting males and females in equal numbers. Symptoms usually develop in
- early adulthood, or occasionally during childhood.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Hereditary
- Sensory Neuropathy Type I. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is a rare hereditary neurological disorder
- characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness most prominent in the legs and
- the small muscles of the hands. A decrease in vibration, pain, and thermal
- sensation in the hand, foot, and lower part of the leg may occur. Stretch
- reflexes are usually absent. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II is a rare genetic disorder
- characterized by inflammation of the fingers or toes especially around the
- nails, usually accompanied by pus and infection (paronychia, whitlows) and by
- ulcers (open sores) of the fingers and on the soles of the feet. Other
- symptoms are loss of sensation affecting the skin, and sometimes the muscles,
- tendons, or joints (kinesthetic sensation). Loss of sensation is noticeable
- in both arms and legs, rather than primarily in the legs as in Hereditary
- Sensory Neuropathy Type I. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type II" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- The symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy are produced by disease of a single
- nerve (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis), several nerves in asymmetric areas of
- the body (mononeuritis multiplex), or many nerves simultaneously
- (polyneuropathy, polyneuritis, multiple peripheral neuritis). These symptoms
- may involve sensory, motor, reflex, or blood vessel (vasomotor) function.
- (For more information on these disorders, choose "neuropathy" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Syringomyelia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-
- filled cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord. Patients with Syringomyelia
- in the upper (cervical and thoracic) part of the spinal cord may first notice
- loss of feeling for pain and temperature in their fingers, hands, arms, and
- upper chest. In the early stages, a sense of touch is still present. A loss
- of feeling may spread over the shoulders and back. Chronic progressive
- degeneration of the stress-bearing part of a bone joint (Charcot joint) is
- another symptom. Reflexes in the upper extremities may be absent. When the
- lumbar and sacral segments of the spine are affected, spasticity, muscle
- weakness, and muscular incoordination in the lower extremities as well as
- paralysis of the bladder usually occur. Morvan disease is a severe form of
- Syringomyelia accompanied by ulceration of fingers and toes. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Syringomyelia" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Roussy-Levy Syndrome is a rare genetic motor sensory disorder. Major
- symptoms may include a foot deformity (claw foot), muscle weakness, atrophy
- of the leg muscles and tremor in the hands. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Roussy-Levy" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I is symptomatic and
- supportive. Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their
- families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
- 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 2264-2265.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 527.
-
- PERSISTENT SKIN ULCERS, MUTILATIONS, AND ACRO-OSTEOLYSIS IN HEREDITARY
- SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY WITH PHOSPHOLIPID EXCRETION. REPORT OF A
- FAMILY. M. Bockers, et al.; J Am Acad Dermatol (Oct 1989; issue 21 (4 Pt
- 1)). Pp. 736-739.
-
-